@prefix psr: <http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/PSR> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .

psr: a skos:ConceptScheme .
psr:-VWRDKWNG-6
  skos:prefLabel "espace dual"@fr, "dual space"@en ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower psr:-V6PP6JH2-D .

psr:-V6PP6JH2-D
  skos:exactMatch <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_basis>, <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_duale> ;
  skos:inScheme psr: ;
  skos:prefLabel "base duale"@fr, "dual basis"@en ;
  skos:broader psr:-VWRDKWNG-6 ;
  skos:definition """En algèbre linéaire, la base duale est une base de l'espace dual <i>E</i>* d'un espace vectoriel <i>E</i> de dimension finie, construite à partir d'une base de <i>E</i>. Il est rappelé que <i>E</i>* est l'espace des formes linéaires sur <i>E</i>. La réduction des formes quadratiques est un exemple dans lequel les bases duales peuvent intervenir. Elles interviennent aussi pour transporter des structures géométriques d'un espace vectoriel réel ou complexe sur son espace dual, ce qui intervient notamment en géométrie différentielle. 
<br/>(Wikipedia, L'Encylopédie Libre, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_duale">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_duale</a>)"""@fr, """In linear algebra, given a vector space <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle V}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>V</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle V}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="V"></span> with a basis <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>B</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="B"></span> of vectors indexed by an index set <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle I}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>I</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle I}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="I"></span> (the cardinality of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle I}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>I</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle I}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="I"></span> is the dimension of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle V}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>V</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle V}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="V"></span>), the <b>dual set</b> of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>B</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="B"></span> is a set <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>B</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/202be1fdef03f14a352508cf0bc32073470d44ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.818ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}"></span> of vectors in the dual space <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>V</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5910e6a94f4f7ee2ee85ceed9dacef3eff7a6242" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="V^{*}"></span> with the same index set <i>I</i> such that <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>B</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="B"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>B</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/202be1fdef03f14a352508cf0bc32073470d44ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.818ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}"></span> form a biorthogonal system. The dual set is always linearly independent but does not necessarily span <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>V</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5910e6a94f4f7ee2ee85ceed9dacef3eff7a6242" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="V^{*}"></span>. If it does span <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>V</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle V^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5910e6a94f4f7ee2ee85ceed9dacef3eff7a6242" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="V^{*}"></span>, then <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <msup>
         <mi>B</mi>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
         </mrow>
         </msup>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/202be1fdef03f14a352508cf0bc32073470d44ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.818ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle B^{*}}"></span> is called the <b>dual basis</b> or <b>reciprocal basis</b> for the basis <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle B}">
         <semantics>
         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
         <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
         <mi>B</mi>
         </mstyle>
         </mrow>
         <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle B}</annotation>
         </semantics>
         </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="B"></span>.
         
<br/>(Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_basis">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_basis</a>)"""@en ;
  skos:altLabel "reciprocal basis"@en ;
  a skos:Concept .

