@prefix psr: <http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/PSR> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

psr:-V40NLNFZ-K
  skos:prefLabel "C*-algebra"@en, "C*-algèbre"@fr ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower psr:-NSPWMCHC-R .

psr:-DWGDCN0G-R
  skos:prefLabel "operator algebra"@en, "algèbre d'opérateurs"@fr ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower psr:-NSPWMCHC-R .

psr:-NSPWMCHC-R
  skos:exactMatch <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre_de_Toeplitz>, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toeplitz_algebra> ;
  skos:prefLabel "algèbre de Toeplitz"@fr, "Toeplitz algebra"@en ;
  skos:inScheme psr: ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:definition """En théorie des algèbres d'opérateurs, l'<b>algèbre de Toeplitz</b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\mathcal {T}}}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi>           </mrow>         </mrow>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\mathcal {T}}}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8236d074e42310f5dc24d1d2b5b8f5981c3e87ba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\mathcal {T}}}"></span> est la C*-algèbre universelle engendrée par une isométrie <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle S}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>S</mi>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle S}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle S}"></span> non unitaire. En clair, ce générateur vérifie :  <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle S^{*}S=1\\\\qquad {\\	ext{mais}}\\\\qquad SS^{*}\\
eq 1.}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <msup>           <mi>S</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>           </mrow>         </msup>         <mi>S</mi>         <mo>=</mo>         <mn>1</mn>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mtext>mais</mtext>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mi>S</mi>         <msup>           <mi>S</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>           </mrow>         </msup>         <mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>         <mn>1.</mn>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle S^{*}S=1\\\\qquad {\\	ext{mais}}\\\\qquad SS^{*}\\
eq 1.}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bbed27a1eaf2910585cfa36b482486fbd80d3ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.271ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle S^{*}S=1\\\\qquad {\\	ext{mais}}\\\\qquad SS^{*}\\
eq 1.}"></span></center> Si on définit l'élément <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle P}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>P</mi>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle P}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle P}"></span> de cette algèbre par <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle P:=1-SS^{*}}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>P</mi>         <mo>:=</mo>         <mn>1</mn>         <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>         <mi>S</mi>         <msup>           <mi>S</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>           </mrow>         </msup>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle P:=1-SS^{*}}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8005f579779bded1c8c44bc8672e7c3cf29fe79b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.569ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle P:=1-SS^{*}}"></span>, on obtient, comme pour toute isométrie, les relations :  <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle PS=0\\\\qquad {\\	ext{et}}\\\\qquad S^{*}P=0.}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>P</mi>         <mi>S</mi>         <mo>=</mo>         <mn>0</mn>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mtext>et</mtext>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <msup>           <mi>S</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>           </mrow>         </msup>         <mi>P</mi>         <mo>=</mo>         <mn>0.</mn>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle PS=0\\\\qquad {\\	ext{et}}\\\\qquad S^{*}P=0.}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/742a96a29a5b70b0da9648f292805ce31f647fd0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:27.962ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle PS=0\\\\qquad {\\	ext{et}}\\\\qquad S^{*}P=0.}"> </center>
<br/>(Wikipedia, L'Encylopédie Libre, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre_de_Toeplitz">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre_de_Toeplitz</a>)"""@fr, """In operator algebras, the <b>Toeplitz algebra</b> is the C*-algebra generated by the unilateral shift on the Hilbert space <i>l</i><sup>2</sup>(<b>N</b>). Taking <i>l</i><sup>2</sup>(<b>N</b>) to be the Hardy space <i>H</i><sup>2</sup>, the Toeplitz algebra consists of elements of the form  <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle T_{f}+K\\\\;}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <msub>           <mi>T</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mi>f</mi>           </mrow>         </msub>         <mo>+</mo>         <mi>K</mi>         <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle T_{f}+K\\\\;}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a7c65ffa258cc63afd2eae625e980d7280fb195" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.045ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle T_{f}+K\\\\;}"></span></dd></dl> where <i>T<sub>f</sub></i> is a Toeplitz operator with continuous symbol and <i>K</i> is a compact operator.  Toeplitz operators with continuous symbols commute modulo the compact operators. So the Toeplitz algebra  can be viewed as the C*-algebra extension of continuous functions on the circle by the compact operators. This extension is called the <b>Toeplitz extension</b>.  By Atkinson's theorem, an element of the Toeplitz algebra <i>T<sub>f</sub></i> + <i>K</i> is a Fredholm operator if and only if the symbol <i>f</i> of <i>T<sub>f</sub></i> is invertible. In that case, the Fredholm index of <i>T<sub>f</sub></i> + <i>K</i> is precisely the winding number of <i>f</i>, the equivalence class of <i>f</i> in the fundamental group of the circle. This is a special case of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. Wold decomposition characterizes proper isometries acting on a Hilbert space. From this, together with properties of Toeplitz operators, one can conclude that the Toeplitz algebra is the universal C*-algebra generated by a proper isometry; this is <i>Coburn's theorem</i>. 
<br/>(Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toeplitz_algebra">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toeplitz_algebra</a>)"""@en ;
  skos:broader psr:-V40NLNFZ-K, psr:-DWGDCN0G-R, psr:-PTRWRXTF-0 ;
  dc:created "2023-08-04"^^xsd:date ;
  dc:modified "2024-10-18"^^xsd:date .

psr:-PTRWRXTF-0
  skos:prefLabel "K-théorie"@fr, "K-theory"@en ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower psr:-NSPWMCHC-R .

psr: a skos:ConceptScheme .
