@prefix psr: <http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/PSR> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

psr:-JR0BZJDR-C
  skos:prefLabel "square matrix"@en, "matrice carrée"@fr ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower psr:-F4WNDCN9-B .

psr: a skos:ConceptScheme .
psr:-F4WNDCN9-B
  skos:prefLabel "diagonale principale"@fr, "main diagonal"@en ;
  dc:modified "2024-10-18"^^xsd:date ;
  skos:definition """In linear algebra, the <b>main diagonal</b> (sometimes <b>principal diagonal</b>, <b>primary diagonal</b>, <b>leading diagonal</b>, <b>major diagonal</b>, or <b>good diagonal</b>) of a matrix <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle A}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>A</mi>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle A}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle A}"></span> is the list of entries <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle a_{i,j}}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <msub>           <mi>a</mi>           <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">             <mi>i</mi>             <mo>,</mo>             <mi>j</mi>           </mrow>         </msub>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle a_{i,j}}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bb5a346f58c6568306a02596dd318d1b7e6b2c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.164ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle a_{i,j}}"></span> where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle i=j}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mi>i</mi>         <mo>=</mo>         <mi>j</mi>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle i=j}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/706e0928b2bf0f24076b0c90bb20616ff2068343" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.859ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle i=j}"></span>. All off-diagonal elements are zero in a diagonal matrix. The following four matrices have their main diagonals indicated by red ones:  <div class="mwe-math-element"><div class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad }">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>[</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>]</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>[</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>]</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>[</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>]</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>[</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mstyle mathcolor="red">                     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">                       <mn>1</mn>                     </mrow>                   </mstyle>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>]</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>         <mspace width="2em"></mspace>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad }</annotation>   </semantics> </math></div><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/226359644d4df42b190b8d103be6b1f48c0b1cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.671ex; width:73.489ex; height:12.509ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad {\\egin{bmatrix}\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\\\\color {red}{1}\\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\qquad }"></div>  
<br/>(Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal</a>)"""@en, """En algèbre linéaire, la <b>diagonale principale</b> d'une matrice carrée est la diagonale qui descend du coin en haut à gauche jusqu'au coin en bas à droite. Par exemple, la matrice carrée d'ordre 3 qui suit a des 1 sur sa diagonale principale :  <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;1&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>(</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>)</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;1&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8cc04c39564230b6de6c1d727bd1227f7e6d7e72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:12.951ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;1&amp;0\\\\\\\\0&amp;0&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}"></span></dd></dl> Il s'agit en particulier de la matrice identité d'ordre 3. Ici, la diagonale principale est composée de 1 et on a également 2 diagonales « secondaires » de part et d'autre de la diagonale principale, composées par des 2 et l'autre par des 3.  <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;3&amp;0\\\\\\\\2&amp;1&amp;3\\\\\\\\0&amp;2&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}">   <semantics>     <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">         <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">           <mrow>             <mo>(</mo>             <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>3</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>2</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>3</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>               <mtr>                 <mtd>                   <mn>0</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>2</mn>                 </mtd>                 <mtd>                   <mn>1</mn>                 </mtd>               </mtr>             </mtable>             <mo>)</mo>           </mrow>         </mrow>       </mstyle>     </mrow>     <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;3&amp;0\\\\\\\\2&amp;1&amp;3\\\\\\\\0&amp;2&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>   </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/910127d3f287ed3ed52072876eb865d36cd1e864" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:12.951ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\\\\displaystyle {\\egin{pmatrix}1&amp;3&amp;0\\\\\\\\2&amp;1&amp;3\\\\\\\\0&amp;2&amp;1\\\\end{pmatrix}}}"></span></dd></dl> Une matrice qui a tous les coefficients en dehors de la diagonale principale nuls est appelée matrice diagonale. Les coefficients de la diagonale principale de certaines matrices indiquent si elles sont inversibles ou non, ou donnent les valeurs propres:  <br/> - une matrice triangulaire est inversible si et seulement si tous les coefficients de la diagonale principale sont non nuls,<br/> - une matrice triangulaire a toutes ses valeurs propres sur la diagonale principale.
<br/>La trace, qui est la somme des coefficients de la diagonale principale, est égale à la somme des valeurs propres.  
<br/>(Wikipedia, L'Encylopédie Libre, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonale_principale">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonale_principale</a>)"""@fr ;
  skos:broader psr:-JR0BZJDR-C ;
  skos:exactMatch <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonale_principale>, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal> ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:inScheme psr: .

