Concept information
Preferred term
fuzzy trace theory
Definition
- Theory postulating that information is stored in parallel under two types of traces: verbatim traces representing the surface details of the stimuli and gist traces representing the general and thematic meaning of the stimuli.
Broader concept
Synonym(s)
- FTT
Scope note
- Fuzzy Trace Theory is based on several principles, which are as follows in the case of false memories (Brainerd & Reyna, 2019, p. 80): “Verbatim and gist: Subjects process the surface form and meaning of events, storing separate traces of each. Dissociated retrieval: Recountings are based on the retrieval of both verbatim and gist traces. Some cues favor verbatim retrieval; others favor gist retrieval. Opponent processes: Verbatim and gist retrieval both support true memory. Gist retrieval supports ‘false’ memories of meaning-consistent events, whereas verbatim retrieval suppresses false memories. Development: Memory for the verbatim form and semantic content of experience both improve during development. Gist improvements are more protracted with age than verbatim improvements. Individual differences: Some individuals are more susceptible to false memory, such as individuals with poor verbatim memories or who preferentially retrieve gist. Phantom recollection: Verbatim and gist retrieval can both produce vivid, realistic recollections that are difficult to distinguish.”
Belongs to group
Bibliographic citation(s)
-
• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4
{{#each properties}}• Document type: literature review
• Access: closed
- • Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2001). Fuzzy-trace theory: Dual account in memory, reasoning, and cognitive neuroscience. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 28, 41–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2407(02)80062-3
• Document type: literature review
• Access: closed
- • Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2019). Fuzzy-trace theory, false memory, and the law. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732218797143
• Document type: literature review
• Access: open
- • Brainerd, C., & Reyna, V. (2004). Fuzzy-trace theory and memory development. Developmental Review, 24(4), 396–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2004.08.005
• Document type: literature review
• Access: closed
- • Helm, R. K., & Reyna, V. F. (2023). Fuzzy trace theory: Memory and decision-making in law, medicine, and public health. In R. H. Logie, Z. Wen, S. E. Gathercole, N. Cowan, & R. W. Engle (Eds.), Memory in science for society: There is nothing as practical as a good theory (pp. 93–122). Oxford University Press.
• Document type: literature review
• Access: closed
Creator
- Frank Arnould
Theory of
Reviewed by
- Patrice Terrier
In other languages
-
French
URI
http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M5LZJTD5-F{{/each}}{{label}}
{{#each values }} {{! loop through ConceptPropertyValue objects }} {{#if prefLabel }}{{/if}} {{/each}}{{#if notation }}{{ notation }} {{/if}}{{ prefLabel }} {{#ifDifferentLabelLang lang }} ({{ lang }}){{/ifDifferentLabelLang}}{{#if vocabName }} {{ vocabName }} {{/if}} - • Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2001). Fuzzy-trace theory: Dual account in memory, reasoning, and cognitive neuroscience. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 28, 41–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2407(02)80062-3